Resources - Financial Terms

The Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTV) is calculated by dividing the loan balance of a property by the market value and is expressed as a percentage.

LTV = Balance of Loans/Market Value

For example, a property with a loan balance of $300,000 and a market value of $400,000 has a loan-to-value ratio of 75%.

Lenders may require mortgage insurance on loans with a loan-to-value ratio greater than a predetermined amount, usually 80%. This means that the purchaser of a property will need to put a minimum of 20% down to avoid paying mortgage insurance premiums.

The loan-to-value ratio is also used when an investor wishes to refinance a property. For example, you have owned an investment property for a number of years and you would like to refinance the property to take cash out. Most lenders will allow a maximum of 75% of the appraised value for the new loan amount. Lenders who refinance at loan-to-value ratios greater than 75% will usually charge less favorable interest rates.

The Loan-to-Value Ratio can be used to estimate the amount of equity you have in a property. If the LTV for a property is 75%, your equity position in a property is 100 minus 75 or 25%. You can then multiply .25 times the market value to determine the equity amount.